Antihistamines

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Antihistamines are a class of medications that are primarily used to relieve symptoms of allergies like hay fever, hives, conjunctivitis, and reactions to insect bites or stings. They work by blocking the effects of a chemical called histamine, which is released by the body during an allergic reaction.

 

Uses

 

Antihistamines are commonly used to treat:

  • Allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
  • Allergic conjunctivitis (itchy, watery eyes)
  • Hives and other skin rashes
  • Allergic reactions to insect bites or stings
  • Some are also used to prevent motion sickness, or as a short-term treatment for insomnia.

 

Side effects

 

Common side effects can include:

  • Drowsiness or sleepiness (more common with first-generation antihistamines)
  • Dry mouth
  • Dizziness
  • Headaches
  • Constipation
  • Blurred vision
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Description

There are two main types of antihistamines:

  • Sedating (First-generation): These can make you feel sleepy and include drugs like chlorphenamine (Piriton) and diphenhydramine (Benadryl). They are sometimes used to treat insomnia or motion sickness.
  • Non-sedating (Second-generation): These are less likely to cause drowsiness and are generally the preferred option. Examples include cetirizine (Zyrtec), loratadine (Claritin), and fexofenadine (Allegra).

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